Below is a list of prescribed drug withdrawal symptoms based on research (see references) and reports from individuals who were affected by withdrawal and have now healed, collated over the past 16 years. There are also audio descriptions of the more common symptoms, explaining how they can manifest and giving tips on coping/self-care.
Confirmation of a physical symptom being withdrawal-related can only be made after having medical attention and undergoing any relevant diagnostic tests to rule out other causes. Regarding the psychological symptoms: if you are emotionally unsafe, experiencing ideation and at risk, you must seek help immediately.
Be sure to check with your doctor regarding any medical symptoms, any symptoms that are causing discomfort or any pain, or any concern at all. Please get any bleeding, cysts, tumours, lumps, digestion issues, unusual skin marks, blood pressure issues, chest pain, breast pain and lumps, penile and vaginal discharges, other gynaecological issues, urinary tract, tooth and other infections, etc., checked. Diagnostic tests bring much relief and reassurance when in withdrawal.
Please do not self-diagnose or take anything written here as medical advice or as a substitute for it. The source of this information is mainly anecdotal/self-reported and it is intended to be regarded as informational only. It is not medical advice. You should consult your doctor for advice regarding any medical diagnosis or treatment. Thank you.
A
Abdomen: cramping and pain in the abdomen, sometimes moving to different areas, distension, sensations of twisting and being prodded
Achiness: dull aches and pains all over the body
Afterimage: seeing an image after the person has stopped looking at it (but this lasts longer than a normal physiological afterimage)
Agitation: restless, feeling a need to move around, ‘antsy’ feeling
Aggression: feeling confrontational and angry, even without provocation, ‘spoiling for a fight’, argumentative
Agoraphobia: fear of going out, fear of open spaces, fear of having panic attacks in unfamiliar places, often confined to home
Air hunger: feeling a sensation of not being able to breathe in sufficient air, feeling as if breathing will stop and needing to take sudden deep breaths
Akathisia: Extreme agitation, restlessness and despair, feeling of wanting to ‘burst’ out of one’s skin, mental akathisia
Anger/Rage: often unexplained, tantrums, loss of temper with no apparent cause
Anhedonia: inability to feel pleasure, to feel any joy or happiness, to have any positive feelings, feeling flat and as if everything is doomed
Anorgasmia: inability to have an orgasm, inability to feel sexual pleasure
Anxiety: adrenaline rushes, panic attacks, over-breathing, palpitations often including agoraphobia, in a constant state of anxiety and hyper-excitability
Apathy: lack of motivation, lack of interest in self or others, emotionally flat, socially withdrawn, flatness
Appetite changes: loss, gain leading to increase or decrease in weight
Ataxia: problems with balance and controlling movement, feeling a lack of coordination, affects legs, arms, hands, fingers, entire body, speech
B
Back pain: lower, mid, upper, coccyx, all areas of back, travels to other parts of body
Balance problems/Dizziness: feeling unsteady on feet, room ‘spinning’ even when sitting or lying, feeling drunk
Benzo belly: distension, bloat, pot belly, abnormally large, spasms, cramping, looking ‘pregnant’
Bladder incontinence: Involuntary emptying of bladder, inability to control bladder
Blepharospasm: involuntary twitching of the eyelid and blinking of the eye
Bloating/Water retention: oedema, swollen feet, swollen, hands, eyelids, looking puffy
Blurred vision: everything appears blurred, problems reading and seeing generally, everything looks wrong and blurry but not in the normal ‘I need my eyes tested’ kind of way
Body temperature: fluctuations in body temperature, feeling hot, then cold or vice versa
Brain fog (Cognitive fog): feeling as if observing through a cloud, reduced mental clarity, causing confusion, forgetfulness, lack of focus, feeling spaced out
Brain moving: feeling of the brain moving inside head
Bruxism/Teeth grinding: occurs mostly during sleep (often associated with tolerance or as a side effect while still on drug) or clenching the teeth together while awake
Burning pain/Sensations: on any part of body, often the shoulders, scalp, back, hands and feet
C
Chemical sensitivities: mild to severe reactions to chemicals including cleaning products, scented products, etc.
Chills: feeling ‘beyond cold’, feeling chilly, feeling shivery, feeling chills but no fever, sometimes in one area of the body or the whole body, usually nothing warming helps (e.g. heated blanket, hot water bottle, hot drinks)
Cognitive Fog/Brain fog: feeling as if observing through a cloud, reduced clarity, causing confusion, forgetfulness, lack of focus, lack of mental clarity, spaced out
Concentration loss: inability to focus attention and/or acquire new information
Confusion: simple tasks are difficult, unable to decipher directions or follow simple instructions
Constipation: difficulty having bowel movements, stool pellet-like, straining to defecate
Cravings: sweet, sugary and high carbohydrate/high glycaemic foods
Crawling sensation on or under skin (Formication): feeling as if ants or other insects are crawling all over (usually during acute withdrawal), sometimes feels as if under skin
Creaking joints: creaking with movement, ‘cracking’ sound in neck, arms, back, hips
Crying spells/Weepiness: feeling weepy at times without being able to identify a specific trigger, inability to stop crying
D
Delirium: feeling very confused, unable to think, not much awareness of what is going on around, reduced awareness of your environment.
Dental issues: pain and/or sensitivity in the tooth nerve, gums, sometimes radiating to entire face, feeling of a gum abscess but none evident
Depersonalisation: altered perception, dissociated feelings, detached from self, feeling like alien in own body, disconnected
Depressive mood: low, heavy mood, flat affect, unmotivated, feeling of hopelessness
Derealisation: altered perception, dissociated feelings, feeling of being distant, cut off, being in a dream-like state, surreal
Diarrhoea: frequent loose stools, watery stools, explosive evacuation
Dizziness/Balance problems: unsteady on feet, feeling as if drunk, room ‘spinning’ even when sitting or lying
Dreams: vivid, recurring, themed, nightmares with disturbing images
Dry cough: unproductive cough without phlegm
Dry mouth and or throat: mouth dry and feeling as if no saliva, throat very dry and feeling the need for water
Dry skin: skin very dry with itching and skin peeling off in some cases
Dry Retching: unproductive vomiting or the movement (peristalsis) of the stomach and oesophagus
Dyspepsia: gastric discomfort, bloating, heartburn, belching and acid reflux and feeling full after eating, even if very little
Dysphagia: having difficulty swallowing, pain or discomfort in swallowing
E
Ear: pain in the ear, feeling of ear being blocked, feeling as if partially deaf
Electric shock sensations/Zaps: feeling as if shocked, shocks running through body (any part including ears)
Emotional incontinence: uncontrollable episodes of crying, laughing
Emotional blunting or anaesthesia: inability to feel emotions whether positive or negative, not connected to authentic feelings
Exhaustion: extreme weakness, feeling totally without energy as if just completed a marathon, ‘bone tired’
Extreme thirst: insatiable urge to keep drinking
Eyes: sore, dry, red, tired, blurred vision, double vision, floaters, glazed, glassy appearance
F
Face pain: face hurts all the time
Facial numbness: face numb/tingling, forehead numb, no feeling in one side of face, no feeling in both sides of face
Fasciculations: muscles twitching or involuntary contractions that show under the skin
False sensations of moving (perception distortion): feel as if body is moving or chair or bed
Fatigue/Lethargy: extreme tiredness, listlessness, lacking in energy
Fear (organic)/Impending doom: fear surpassing natural anxiety/concerns re withdrawal, not identifiable with a thought or feeling, feels inauthentic but overwhelming, scared that something ‘terrible’ is about to happen, intense fear of dying
Faecal incontinence (encopresis): loss of ability to control bowels, involuntary defecation
Fits: epileptic like movements (rare, medical emergency, can be caused by cold-turkeying)
Flu-like symptoms: feel as if getting flu with aches, joint/muscle pain, feverish, stuffy nose
Food intolerance: reacting to food previously tolerated
Formication: feeling of insects crawling all over skin
G
Gait abnormality – unsteady gait, feeling of the ground moving underneath feet,
Gastrointestinal disturbances/Stomach problems: Vomiting, diarrhoea, constipation, nausea, reflux, oesophageal spasms, feeling of choking, distension, stomach cramps
Genital arousal: feeling on the verge of an orgasm without sexual thoughts or stimulation
Glassy eyes: eyes look glazed, shiny and out of focus
H
Hair: change in texture, hair loss, breakage
Hallucinations: seeing apparitions, hypnagogic hallucinations or brief events when falling asleep, usually visual, tactile, sensual or auditory
Headaches/Tight band around head: feeling as if an imaginary band around head is constantly being tightened, throbbing pain in head, migraine-like headaches, pain in temples
Hearing hypersensitivity/Hyperacusis: exaggerated sound, cutlery, crockery, environmental sounds ‘nerve-shatteringly loud’, people sound as if they are shouting
Heart: palpitations, irregular beats, thumping, beating loudly, feels as if jumping out of chest cavity
Heartburn: burning sensation in the chest, acidity
Heaviness: part of the body, especially limbs, feel extremely heavy, body feels like ‘lead’
Hormonal imbalances: including non-menopausal hot flashes, severe pre-menstrual tension, intensification of symptoms at the time of ovulation, before and during period
Hot flashes: sudden feeling of feverish heat, a warmth that spreads over the body, creeping heat that begins in the neck or head
Hyperactivity: feeling like the energizer bunny, unable to focus, pay attention, sit or calm down but different to akathisia
Hyperreflexia: jumpiness, easily startled, feeling as if one wants to ‘jump out of one’s skin’, involuntary overreaction to stimuli,
Hypersensitivity: to light, sound, smell, taste, touch
I
Impotence: inability to develop or maintain an erection
Incontinence: loss of bladder and bowel control, loss of bladder control during sexual activity
Indigestion: gastric discomfort, bloating, heartburn, belching and acid reflux and feeling full after eating, even if very little
Inner trembling/Shaking/Vibrating (perception distortion): feeling of body trembling or vibrating ‘on the inside’
Insomnia/Sleep disturbances: nights at a time without sleep, few hours sleep per night, waking up throughout the night, unable to go back to sleep
Intrusive memories: unwanted and persistent memory sometimes of traumatic events
Irritability: very low tolerance levels, easily irritated
J
Jelly legs: legs feel weak and rubbery as if about to give way, feeling of having no leg muscles
Jelly body: feeling that the entire body has no muscles, is ‘made of jelly’ and is about to give way
Joint/Muscle pain: joints hurt, joints feel arthritic and muscles hurt, muscles feel as if performed rigorous exercise
Jumpiness (hyperreflexia): on edge, startled by sounds or people, extremely nervous
L
Lethargy/Fatigue: extreme tiredness, listlessness, lacking in energy, unable to even sit up
Libido loss: loss of interest in sexual intercourse, inability to become aroused
Light hypersensitivity: everything seems intensely and unbearably bright, feeling the need to wear sun glasses even inside, unable to look at computer screen
M
Memory impairment: short-term memory loss, ‘gaps in memory’ where unable to recall specific events, memory lapses (side effect of drug as well as symptom)
Menstrual problems: irregularities, PMT and dysmenorrhea: cycle changes and becomes irregular, painful periods, intense premenstrual tension
Metallic tastes: mouth has a metallic taste, gustatory distortion
Mood swings: extreme and rapid changes in mood, one minute feeling optimistic then very low, feeling ‘bipolar’, feeling manic then depressed
Moving sensations: false perceptions of body moving, sensation of brain moving in head, feeling last part of the body is moving away from the other
Muscle twitches/Jerks/Spasms: involuntary movements – myoclonic jerks, tics, twitches and spasms in different areas of body including extremities
Muscle/Joint pain: joints feel arthritic and muscles stiff and hurting, muscles feel as if performed rigorous exercise
Muscular rigidity: muscles all over feel extremely stiff, inability to move agilely
Muscular weakness: feeling as if there are no muscles in the body, excessive weakness
N
Nail problems: nails change colour, weak and splitting, nails yellow, nails white (leukonychia), look jaundiced, ridges, nails grey
Nausea: feeling of wanting to throw up all the time, feeling of being seasick
Nightmares: vivid, unpleasant sometimes terrifying dreams
Numbness/Tingling: like paraesthesia, fingers, hand, face, sometimes entire body
O
Obsessive thoughts: repetitive, unwanted thoughts
Oedema/Water retention: fluid in body tissues, swollen feet, puffiness
Oesophageal problems: oesophageal spasms, reflux
Over-breathing: breathing faster and deeper than necessary, hyperventilating
P
Pain: different parts or all of body stiff and hurting
Palinopsia: a distortion of visual perception that causes the person to continue to see the image of an object they were looking at even after they’ve stopped looking at it (lasts longer than physiological afterimage)
Palpitations: heart races, beats wildly, thumps, feels like jumping out of chest
Panic attacks: adrenaline rushes, feel as if dying, feeling unable to breathe, feel as if choking
Paranoid thoughts: unfounded, suspicious thoughts, feel threatened, feel persecuted
Paraesthesia: tingling and pricking in any part of the body, pins and needles
Perception Distortion: See below
Speech of others is distorted, unable to follow a conversation, time delay or inability to reconcile words being uttered with movement of mouth
False sensations of moving e.g. feeling as though falling through bed, chair or as if part of body is moving away
Visual (seeing ‘things’) e.g. flashing lights, inanimate objects appear to be moving, people appear flat, one-dimensional and paper-like, buildings leaning, undulating floors (wavelike movement)
Gustatory distortion, metallic taste in mouth
Tactile distortion, feeling of insects crawling on skin
Perspiring/Profuse sweating: profuse sweating, night sweats, sweats (sometimes followed by chills)
Phobias: agoraphobia – fear of crowded spaces and public places, monophobia – abnormal fear of being alone, anthropophobia – fear of people (in crowds or even individually)
Photosensitivity: sensitive to UV rays from the sun, to fluorescent and other types of light
Profuse sweating/Perspiring: rivulets of perspiration, bathed in perspiration but not feeling hot, sweating all the time even in air-conditioning, often during acute withdrawal
R
Rage/Anger: feeling violent, surge of anger, argumentative ‘out of the blue’, feeling urge to ‘lash out’
Reading/Comprehension problems: inability to read, focus or understand even simple instruction
Repetitive/Obsessive thoughts: thoughts persist and interrupt cognition, can’t stop unwanted thoughts going over and over in mind; thoughts can also be of an uncharacteristic nature
Restless legs: sensation in legs, overwhelming urge to move legs when lying down, leg jerks while sleeping
S
Scalp: pain in the scalp, burning
Sensitivity: can happen in any part of body including penis, vagina,
Sexual dysfunction: loss of libido, erectile dysfunction, loss of interest in sexual intercourse
Shaking/Tremors: uncontrollable shaking and tremors, hands shake, part of body or whole body trembles
Shivering: shaking and shivering all
Sinusitis: pain in the sinuses, exacerbation of sinus issues
Skin problems: rashes, acne, itching, burning, stripping and other problems on different areas of skin, wounds heal slowly
Sleep disturbance/Insomnia: nights at a time without sleep, few hours sleep per night, waking up throughout the night, unable to go back to sleep, falling asleep and waking up suddenly unsure if you were asleep or hallucinating, toxic naps
Soft tissue pain: thighs and other fleshy areas of body hurt
Speech difficulty: Stuttering, difficulty speaking, difficulty pronouncing words that were effortless prior to withdrawal, unable to speak fluently
Stomach problems/Gastrointestinal problems: vomiting, diarrhoea, nausea, reflux, oesophageal spasms, feeling of choking, distension, stomach cramps
Sweats/Chills: one minute perspiring profusely then freezing/shaking, hot flashes as if menopausal then shaking, hot then chills as if one has ague
Sweating: profuse sweating regardless of temperature, body washed in perspiration, clothes wet
T
Temperature: fluctuations in body temperature
Terror: extreme fear that surpasses the organic fear, impending doom, high anxiety, etc., often comes with akathisia
Thirst: extreme thirst, excessive drinking of water due to unquenchable thirst
Throat: sore, tight, choking sensation, spasming
Thoughts: repetitive, unwanted, ruminating, intrusive, obsessive, morbid, suicidal
Tinnitus: constant or intermittent ringing, buzzing, roaring, clicking in the ears, high-pitched noise in ears
Tiredness/Exhaustion: exhausted, void of energy
Tongue pain: throbbing pain in tongue, burning sensation
Tooth/Gum/Mouth pain: nerves in teeth hurt, gum hurts, all teeth in mouth hurt
Touch hypersensitivity: extreme sensitivity to touch
Tremors/Shaking: uncontrollable shaking and tremors, hands shake, part of body or whole body trembles
Twitching/Tics: muscles in different areas of body twitch, involuntary movements, vocal tics
U
Uncontrollable crying: unable to stop crying (crying for no apparent reason)
Uncontrollable laughter: unable to stop laughing (laughing for no apparent reason)
Urinary problems: frequency, urgency urinary tract infections, partial or complete incontinence, bladder hypersensitivity, dysuria
V
Vertigo: sensation of the environment or room spinning, losing one’s balance, feeling dizzy when looking down
Vision blurred or double: everything appears blurred, problems reading, seeing ‘double’
Visual perception distortion: seeing ‘things’, inanimate objects appear to be moving, people and objects appear flat, one-dimensional and paper-like, seeing multidimensional shapes such as circles, triangles and squares, floaters, visual ‘snow’, objects appear closer or further than they actually are
W
Water retention/Oedema: fluid in body tissues, swollen feet, puffiness
Weakness: feel drained of energy, almost unable to move or even sit up
Weepiness (Crying spells): spontaneous bouts of crying without being able to identify a specific trigger, uncontrollable crying
Weight issues: unexplained fluctuations in weight, inability to gain weight, inability to lose weight, benzo belly (weight gain and bloated ness of stomach)
Z
Zaps: electric shock sensations, feeling as if shocked, shocks running through body (any part including ears)
DIRECT LINKS TO DESCRIPTIONS OF SYMPTOMS
If you would like to know more about a symptom you are experiencing, please check out the links below where you will find detailed recordings regarding the most common symptoms and coping suggestions.
A to D
E to M
N to S
T to Z
References:
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Ashton, C. Heather (2004). Protracted Withdrawal Symptoms from Benzodiazepines. Comprehensive Handbook of Drug & Alcohol Addiction. https://www.benzo.org.uk/pws04.htm.
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